Application of Audio-Visual Aids in the Teaching of Biology in Secondary Schools

Application of Audio-Visual Aids in the Teaching of Biology in Secondary Schools

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of Application of Audio-Visual Aids in the Teaching of Biology in Secondary Schools in Onna local Government area of Akwa Ibom State and the population consists of all the senior secondary two (SS2) students offering biology in the study area. The total population was one thousand four hundred and three (1403) students.

The study employed quasi-experimental research work. The sample size for this study was one hundred (100) biology students. The instrument used in gathering the needed data for the study was the researcher’s made questionnaire called” Application of audio-visual Aids and the teaching of biology Questionnaire (AAVATBQ).

Data obtained was analyzed using independent t-test statistical method. The findings revealed that the use of audio-visual aids significantly influence the teaching of biology in secondary schools in Onna local government area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE – – – – – – – – i

CERTIFICATION – – – – – – – ii

DEDICATION – – – – – – – – iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS- – – – – – – iv

ABSTRACT – – – – – – – – v

TABLE OF CONTENTS- – – – – – – vi

CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study – – – – – – 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem – – – – – – 6

1.3 Purpose of the Study – – – – – – 7

1.4 Significance of the Study – – – – – – 8

1.5 Research Questions – – – – – 9

1.6 Research Hypotheses – – – – – – 9

1.7 Limitation of the Study – – – – – – 10

1.8 Definition of Term – – – – – – – – 10

CHAPTER TWO – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 The Concept of “Audio Visual Aids” – – – – – 12

2.2 Audio-visual Aids and individualizing instruction – 15

2.3 Audio Visual Aids and Participation Encouragement – 16

2.4 Audio-visual Aids as Source of Information and

Students Academic Performance – – – – – 16

2.5 Extending of Experience and Academic Performance

of Students – – – – – – – – – – – 17

2.6 Impact of Audio-Visual Aids on Teaching and

Learning – – – – – – – – – – – 18

CHAPTER THREE – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Area of the study – – – – – – – – – 20

3.2 Research Design – – – – – – – – – 21

3.3 Population of the study – – – – – – – 22

3.4 Sample/Sampling Techniques – – – – – – 22

3.5 Instrument for Data Collection – – – – – – 23

3.6 Validation of the instrument – – – – – – 23

3.8 Scoring of the instrument – – – – – – – 23

3.9 Method of Data Analysis – – – – – – – 24

CHAPTER FOUR – RESULT AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis – – – – – 25

4.2 Discussion of Findings – – – – – – – 27

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Summary – – – – – – – – – – – 30

5.2 Recommendations – – – – – – – 31

5.3 Conclusion – – – – – – – – – – 32

References – – – – – – – — – 33

Appendices – – – – – – – – – 35

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

Teaching and learning processes are very crucial at all levels of educational development. If well planned and directed, they are the keys to success and progress of individual. Audio-visual aids according to Dike (2009) do not only increase the motivation of the teachers and learners; they add clarity to the topic taught and make learning more interesting. Permanent learning according to Njoku ((2014) is the goal of education in that the learners should be able to retain what is taught audio-visual aids make learning more permanent since they appeal to more than one sense.

Ode and Omokaro (2012) revealed that learners retain most of what they hear, see and feel than what they merely hear. Indeed, this concept bears credence to the old chines adage which says ‘what I hear I forget what, what I see I remember and what I know Arnett (2010, as cited in Claiborne and Drewery, 2013).

Furthermore, a visual instruction encourages the use of audio-visual aids to make abstract ideas more concrete to the learners. Therefore, the teacher’s duty is to make learning live, not just something to remember but part of living experience. Thus, this can be done effectively by employing the use of audio-visual aids in teaching and learning of biology as a mean of imparting knowledge to learners.

Educators have come to realize that the most effective teaching and learning take place when an individual has direct experience with the subject under study, in order word, learners learn best by doing.

However, there has been no consensus on the workability or otherwise of the use of audio-visual aids in teaching and learning of numerous work done by researchers and authors of reputes. On the contrary, there has been a surge in the number of people who feel worried about the negative aspects in the use of audio-visual aids.

Moreover, education is under constant changing and multiplicity in policies, methods and procedure can be clearly observed. At different levels of education system change is always welcome as per required but change should always being harmonize with certain aspect that is, society, religion, state etc.

The crux of this modern education is to awaken the hidden curiosity and interest of the learner, nourishing his or her behaviour, attitudes and believes in order to develop basic and essential skills of lifelong learning and ability to think critically and in beneficial manner.

However, students should be given confidence to ask, inquire, explore and be creative and initiators. In fact an inquisitive mind is the beginning to lifelong learning that surely leads to success. But in recent year the superiority is shifted towards students.

Audio-visual aids make a lesson or lecture more interesting and a memorable experience not only for students but for teachers as well as they play a vibrant role in focusing the attention of individual student towards the teacher or the topic. They appeal to the senses especially hearing and looking.

It is not wrong to say that human senses are doorways to acquire knowledge, therefore, when something appeals to senses curiosity increases which lead to clear and concrete understanding of the concept. It was on the basis of the above observation that the study was carried out to determine the influence of audio-visual aids in the teaching of Biology in secondary schools in Onna local Government Area.

Statement of the Problem

Unfortunately, most of the biology teachers neglect the use of audio-visual aids in teaching the subject probably, due to non-availability of the materials or lack of techniques for using them.

Mavida (2012) reiterated that the utilization of instructional materials such as audio-visual learning aids make students to participate effectively in the teaching and learning process. Hence, ending with quality education that enable them to suit in the current society in relation to technological changes.

However, use or non-use of learning aids was not only problem in public secondary schools in Onna Local Government Area; material shortages, motivational inadequacy and poor learning environment were some of the problems.

Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of the study was to examine the influence of application of audio-visual aids in teaching of Biology in second:

examine the influence of used and non-used of audio-visual aids in teaching of Biology in secondary schools
assess the type of audio-visual aids that secondary school teachers in Biology use in teaching of the subject
examine the influence of accessibility of audio-visual aids in teaching of Biology in secondary schools.

Significance of the Study

Findings from the study will help to sensitize teachers and staff of secondary schools who teach and offering biology of their important roles in promoting the application of audio-visual aids in teaching and learning. This is because it will provide a basis for them to understand the need for their complimentary roles in encouraging and supporting the application of audio-visual aids.

Finding from this study will further help to reveal and create awareness among the school authorities of the importance or otherwise of the use of audio-visual aids in teaching and learning. This is because the findings from this study may require taking a decision be the secondary school authorities whether to refuse audio-visual aids in learning curriculum or to modify expunge or discontinue with the existing teaching methods.

In addition, create awareness for state and federal ministry of education as policy makers in secondary schools of the need to infuse the use of audio-visual aids as a core teaching method in the curricula of secondary schools and impress upon them to provide explicit strategy for enforcing the use of audio-visual materials in teaching and learning.

Research Questions

What are the influence of used and non-used of audio-visual aids and the teaching of biology in secondary schools?
To what extent do the types of audio-visual aids influence the teaching of biology in secondary schools?
How does the accessibility of audio-visual aids affect the teaching of biology in secondary schools?

Research Hypotheses

There is no significant influence on the used and non-used of audio-visual aids and the teaching of biology in secondary schools.
There is no significant influence on the types of audio-visual aids used in teaching of biology in secondary schools.
There is no significant influence between accessibility and non-accessibility of audio-visual aids and the teaching of biology in secondary schools.

Limitation of the Study

The study focuses on application of audio-visual aids in teaching of biology in secondary schools in Onna Local Government Area.

Operational Definition of Terms

Audio-visual Aids: In brief, this is a combination of video and sound materials. That help a teacher and students to make learning experience clear and vivid by appealing to both sense of hearing and sighting.

Biology: In brief, this is a science of life and of living organism.

Secondary school: this is a school which provides secondary education between the age of 11 and 16 or 11 and 19 after primary school and before higher education.

Visual aid: In brief, these are integrated development from Microsoft. Therefore, it is use to develop computer programs for web services and mobile apps.